I was tempted to make this first section about Intonation, because if you sing flat (or
otherwise out-of-tune), the other things we will be talking about won't matter much. But, since having
plenty of "air support" is essential to reliably producing the right pitch, let's instead start with learning the
best way to breathe.
Since I started singing so late in life, the correct technique does not come naturally to me, and
when singing I have to deliberately remind myself, at every opportunity to breathe, to do it the "right" way.
If I forget, I risk leaving myself short on air during the upcoming passage.
I knew that I had found the correct way to breathe when it became much easier to sing longer passages without
breathing, and to sustain notes for longer amounts of time. The improvement which good air support makes to your intonation and
tone is also very significant, but it's not as easy to measure - you will just have to trust me.
You have no doubt been told that you should sing "from the diaphragm", and that is of course correct.
But how can you tell if you are doing it right? A simple note-duration exercise will help us make sure.
First, let's try to describe the proper breathing technique.
I have seen this demonstrated in several ways, but I think this may be the most effective: lie on the floor on your back, with a few
heavy books stacked on your lower stomach. Experiment with different types of big breaths, looking for
the one that lifts the books the most - think of this as a good "belly" breath.
Notice that it's also possible to take a big breath without raising the books at all - think of this
feeling as a weak, "chest-only" breath. It fills only your upper chest area with air. This is the type of breath
that comes naturally to most of us, but it should of course be avoided when singing.
Continue working on raising the books until it happens consistently, then graduate to spot-checking
your technique by simply placing your hand on your lower stomach and feeling how much
lower-abdomen expansion you are getting.
To demonstrate the value of this style of breathing and to test your grasp of the technique,
grab a stop watch (or watch with a second-hand) and time your own ability to sustain a note that's
near the upper part of your range. Try it with a big "chest-only" breath and then with a big,
powerful "belly" breath. You should find that with the belly breath, you can hold the note longer.
Try singing that note until your breath gives out, and listen carefully to what happens to the pitch as
your air completely gives out. No matter how hard you try to keep the note on the same pitch, as your
air expires but before the sounds ends completely the pitch will change. A lot. This demonstrates that
your pitch is affected by the quality of air support. I'll bet the quality of the sound you were making also
changed. A lot. This demonstrates that your tone is also affected by the quality of air support.
So, a big "belly" breath is essential to singing with power for long amounts of time and with a
good tone. How about singing quietly? Any old breathing technique will do, right?
In certain ways, it's even more important to breathe correctly when singing quietly. Why? Because
singing quietly also often means singing with a weak, thin sound. To avoid this, and instead create a quiet
sound that has intensity despite the low sound level, you should breathe as if you are about to sing
at your loudest volume.
Perhaps I should mention the concept of "projection" here. Many singers try to improve their sound by
creating as much resonance as possible within their bodies. Singers who do this often breathe just fine, yet
fail to give the impression of a powerful voice to their listeners. The correction for this problem is to
focus on projection rather than a "contained" resonance.
Good projection can be visualized. If you were standing of the edge of a canyon and wanted to create
a great echo, or be heard by someone on the other side, you would shout in such a way as to expel the sound
away from you as much as possible. That is what good projection feels like.
Many singers who have developed the habit of "contained resonance" are reluctant to give it up, for the
simple reason that the "contained" sound often seems to be of superior quality, at least to the singer.
Keep in mind that you are the only listener whose ears are physically connected to your body! No one
else is going to hear the resonance in the same way you do.
If you need to be convinced, use your audio recorder, positioned on the other side of the room. Sing
a passage from the same song using both the "send it across the canyon" method (projection) and the "contained resonance"
method; then, compare the results for yourself.